To determine which directory you are currently in use the pwd command. The current directory you are in is the period character followed by a slash. Similarly if I am in the same directory as MyProgram I need to use a "current directory" relative path. Or say I was in the directory /Users/oliver/MyProject2 and I wanted to execute /Users/oliver/MyProject/MyProgram I can use a relative path like this, to execute it: For example, if MyProgram was in the directory /Users/oliver/MyProject I and I was in my home directory I can qualify the executable name like this, and have it execute: If you are in a location that is near the program you wished to execute you can qualify the name with a partial path. So say I had an executable called MyProgram in my home directory on Mac OS X I can fully qualify it like so: To run any other command that is not in the executable search path requires that you qualify the path to the executable. This runs /bin/cat and displays mytextfile.txt to the terminal. So any executable in the listed directories can by run just by typing in their name. On Mac OS X (by default) this will display the following colon separated search path: You can display this path in the terminal with this command: All application execution in a Unix (Linux, Mac OS X, AIX, etc.) environment depends on the executable search path.
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